What does soil texture and structure refer to?

Soil texture and structure primarily refer to the distribution of mineral particles in the soil, which significantly influences the soil's characteristics and behavior. Soil texture is determined by the proportion of different sizes of particles, including sand, silt, and clay. This composition impacts water retention, drainage, nutrient availability, and aeration, all critical factors for plant growth and soil health.

Soil structure, on the other hand, describes how these particles are arranged and how they aggregate in various formations (like granules, blocky, or prismatic shapes). The arrangement of soil particles affects root penetration, water movement, and microbial activity.

Understanding soil texture and structure is essential for effective soil management and conservation practices, as they dictate how soils respond to environmental changes and how they can be best utilized for agricultural purposes.