What is the term for genetic changes that can lead to cancer or other diseases?

The term "mutagenesis" refers to the process through which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in mutations that can lead to adverse effects such as cancer or other diseases. Mutagenesis can be caused by various factors, including exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and biological agents. The mutations can alter the normal functions of genes, disrupting critical cellular processes and potentially leading to uncontrolled cell growth — a hallmark of cancer.

In understanding the broader context, "teratogenesis," for instance, specifically relates to the development of physical abnormalities in embryos or fetuses, not necessarily mutations leading to diseases like cancer. Similarly, "reproductive toxicity" refers to harmful effects on reproductive systems that may affect fertility or cause birth defects, while "sensitization" indicates an allergic reaction to a substance after repeated exposure. Therefore, while all terms are related to biological impacts, mutagenesis specifically addresses genetic changes that can have severe health consequences, including cancer.